Reflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensing effect

ABSTRACT

A reflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensing effect comprises mainly an active device substrate, a condenser having diffraction or refraction effect being formed above the substrate, a spacing layer being formed above and covering the condenser, and a reflective unit being formed above the spacing layer. The condenser can be a holographic diffraction unit, micro prisms or micro lens unit. It can be on a TFT substrate or a color filter. The color filter can be located at the same or opposite side with the TFT substrate. The spacing layer may be an over coat layer, a color filter, a color filter and an over coat layer on the color filter, or a substrate. The reflective unit also has various structures, reflective angles, and reflective effects. The invention utilizes the condenser to collect light. 60% to 95% of unused backlight is collected. The backlight gain is over 120% to 400%, thereby greatly saving the power consumption for the backlight source.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to a partially reflective liquidcrystal display, and more specifically to a reflector structure in aliquid crystal display having light condensing effect.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Because of the advantages in light weight, thin thickness and low powerconsumption, conventional partially reflective liquid crystal displaysare mostly applied to portable products, such as cellular phone andpersonal digital assistant (PDA). In order to take care of thereflective optical performance, the light transparent area can not belarge. Aperture ratio is about 15% to 40%. This induces waste ofbacklight source. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventionalreflector structure in a partially reflective liquid crystal display. InFIG. 1, a reflective unit 103 and a light transparent area 105 areformed on a substrate 101. In general, aperture ratio of the lighttransparent area is about 5% to 40%. Backlight source 107 is reflectedback by the reflective unit 103 when it passes through the reflectivearea. This induces energy waste of backlight source.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made to overcome the above-mentioneddrawback of waste of backlight source in a conventional partiallyreflective liquid crystal display. An object of the present invention isto provide a reflector structure in a liquid crystal display havinglight condensing effect that is applicable to partially reflectiveliquid crystal displays and their reflectors, as well as transparentliquid crystal displays with high resolution. The present inventionprovides a layer of condenser having diffraction or refraction effect tocollect light, so that the transparent area of the reflector ofpartially reflective liquid crystal displays or transparent liquidcrystal displays has a high gain of light condensing effect. 60% to 95%of unused backlight was collected. The backlight gain is over 120% to400%, thereby substantially reducing the power consumption for thebacklight source.

The reflector structure in a liquid crystal display having lightcondensing effect comprises mainly a condenser having diffraction orrefraction effect, a spacing layer, and a reflective unit. The spacinglayer is located between the condenser and the reflective unit.

According to the present invention, the condenser having diffraction orrefraction effect can be designed inside or outside the liquid crystalcells. If the condenser is inside the liquid crystal cells, it is formedabove the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display. On thecontrary, if the condenser is outside the liquid crystal cells, it isformed below the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display. In otherwords, the lower substrate is used as the spacing layer between thecondenser and the reflective unit. The condenser of the invention can bedesigned on a TFT substrate or on a color filter. The color filter canbe placed on the same side or at the opposite side of the TFT substrate.

The spacing layer in the reflector structure of the invention has manymodes. Five preferred embodiments of these modes are: (a) including anover coat layer being formed on the condenser having diffraction orrefraction effect; (b) including a color filter being formed on thecondenser having diffraction or refraction effect; (c) including a colorfilter being formed on the condenser having diffraction or refractioneffect and an over coat layer being formed on the color filter; and (d)including a substrate being formed on the condenser having diffractionor refraction effect.

The reflective unit in the reflector structure of the invention has manymodes too. Four preferred embodiments of these modes are: (a) includinga flat metal layer being formed on the spacing layer and an ITOelectrode layer being formed on the spacing layer and above theaperture; (b) including an inner diffusion layer being formed on thespacing layer, a reflective metal layer being formed on the innerdiffusion layer, and an ITO electrode layer being formed on the spacinglayer and above the aperture, where the inner diffusion layer formsconvex or concave structures around the pixel area, in the pixel area,or around the boundary of the transparent area, the average gap d_(T) ofliquid crystal cells in the transparent area T is different from theaverage gap d_(R) of liquid crystal cells in the reflective area Rwithin a single pixel area; (c) including an inner diffusion layer beingformed on the spacing layer, a reflective metal layer being formed onthe inner diffusion layer, and an ITO electrode layer being formed onthe spacing layer and above the aperture, where there is only one gap ofliquid crystal cells within a single pixel area; and (d) including themode (b) in every red, green and blue sub-pixel within a single pixelarea.

The condenser having diffraction or refraction effect in the reflectorstructure of the invention has many modes too. Five preferredembodiments of these modes are: (a) comprising metals with periodicpatterns and various widths and distances; (b) comprising one layer oftransparent materials with unit refractive index, periodic patterns andvarious widths and distances, and covering another layer of transparentmaterials with different refractive index on the previous layer; (c)comprising one layer of multi-level transparent materials with unitrefractive index and periodic patterns, and covering another layer oftransparent materials with different refractive index on the previouslayer; (d) comprising a layer of several wedge-shaped micro prisms withunit refractive index and periodic patterns, and covering another layerof transparent materials with different refractive index on the layer ofmicro prisms; and (e) comprising a layer of several different size microlens with unit refractive index and periodic patterns, and coveringanother layer of transparent materials with different refractive indexon the layer of micro lens.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystaldisplay having light condensing effect. The liquid crystal displaycomprises the reflector structure mentioned above and can be used inpartially reflective liquid crystal displays as well as reflectiveliquid crystal displays. There are three preferred embodiments.

In the first preferred embodiment, the condenser of the liquid crystaldisplay is located at the same side with and below the TFT substrate,the color filter is located at the opposite side against the substrate,the condenser divides light from the backlight source into differentintensity and wavelength and condenses light in corresponding sub-pixelareas, then the light passes to the layer of liquid crystal cells andthe color filter.

In the second preferred embodiment, the first color filter, thecondenser and the TFT substrate are located at the same side and abovethe TFT substrate, the second color filter is located at the oppositeside against the substrate, the first and second color filters use thesame material and have the same thickness.

In the third preferred embodiment, the first color filter, the condenserand the TFT substrate are located at the same side and above the TFTsubstrate, the second color filter is located at the opposite sideagainst the substrate, the first and second color filters use differentmaterial and have different thickness.

Using the high-gain condenser of the invention to condense backlight,about 95% to 60% originally unused backlight is collected, therebygreatly saving the power consumption for the backlight source. Themaximal effect can be achieved when the angle of the backlight source isabout 40 degree. Because of the wall bump structure in the innerdiffusion layer of the reflective unit and the aperture electrode in thetransparent electrode layer, this invention needs no rubbing process tocontrol the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal director. Therefore,the partially reflective liquid crystal display having the reflectorstructure of the invention forms multi-domain and further has very highcontrast ratio and wide viewing angle.

The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of thepresent invention will become better understood from a careful readingof a detailed description provided herein below with appropriatereference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention can be understood in more detail by reading thesubsequent detailed description in conjunction with the examples andreferences made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional reflectorstructure in a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 3 a shows a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 3 b illustrates the structure of an aperture near the center of thetransparent area T at the ITO electrode layer in the reflective unit ofFIG. 3 a;

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of red, green and blue sub-pixelswithin a single pixel area of FIG. 3 a;

FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the sixth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied in a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the seventh embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the eighth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display;

FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the ninth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal displays;

FIGS. 12–15 show four kinds of light patterns within a single pixel areaon four kinds of reflective layers after the condensing effect of thecondenser, each light pattern respectively corresponding to a structureof an associated reflective layer including reflective area andtransparent area within a single pixel area;

FIGS. 16 a–16 e show five preferred embodiments of the condenser havingdiffraction or refraction effect in the reflector structure according tothe present invention;

FIG. 17 shows a preferred embodiment of a partially reflective liquidcrystal display having a reflector structure shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 18 shows a preferred embodiment of a partially reflective liquidcrystal display having a reflector structure shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 19 shows a preferred embodiment of a partially reflective liquidcrystal display having a reflector structure shown in FIG. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The reflector structure comprises an active device substrate 201, acondenser 203 having diffraction or refraction effect being formed abovethe substrate 201, a spacing layer 205 being formed above and coveringthe condenser 203, and a reflective unit being formed above the spacinglayer 205. The condenser 203 has an averaged equivalent focus f. Thespacing layer 205 has a thickness t greater than zero.

In the preferred embodiment, the reflective unit comprises a flatreflective metal layer 207 and an ITO electrode layer 209 formed abovethe spacing layer 205, wherein the condenser 203 and the reflectivemetal layer 207 are in the reflective area R of the pixel and the ITOelectrode layer 209 is in the transparent area T of the pixel. Thecondenser 203 collects light 107 emitting from the back light source andpassing through the substrate 201. Therefore, the transparent area T ofthe reflector has high efficiency of condensing light.

FIG. 3 a shows a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The difference between FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 a is the reflective unit in thereflector structure. The reflective unit in FIG. 3 a comprises an innerdiffusion layer 301 formed above the spacing layer 205, a reflectivemetal layer 303 formed above the inner diffusion layer 301 and in thereflective area, and an ITO electrode layer 305 formed above the spacinglayer 205 and in the transparent area T. The inner diffusion layer 301forms convex structures 307 around the pixel. The ITO electrode layer305 forms concave structures 309 at the boundary of the transparent areaT. Within a single pixel area, the average gap d_(T) of liquid crystalcells in the transparent area T is less than the average gap d_(R) ofliquid crystal cells in the reflective area R.

The ITO electrode layer 305 in the reflective unit shown in FIG. 3 a canbe designed to have an aperture near the center of the transparent areaT, such as the aperture 311 shown in FIG. 3 b.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The difference between FIG. 4 and FIG. 3 a is that the average gap ofliquid crystal cells in the transparent area T is equal to that ofliquid crystal cells in the reflective area R. In other words, there isonly one gap of liquid crystal cells within a single pixel area.Referring to the top of the inner diffusion layer 401 shown in FIG. 4,the average gaps of liquid crystal cells are equal in the reflectivemetal layer 403 of the reflective area R and in the ITO electrode layer405 of the transparent area T.

In order to explain the following description in more detail, FIG. 5shows a cross-sectional view of red, green and blue sub-pixels within asingle pixel area of FIG. 3 a.

FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The difference between FIG. 6 and FIG. 5 is the spacing layer in thereflector structure. The spacing layer shown in FIG. 6 uses a colorfilter 601.

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The difference between FIG. 7 and FIG. 6 is the spacing layer in thereflector structure. The spacing layer shown in FIG. 7 uses not only acolor filter 601 but also an over coat layer 701 coated on the colorfilter 601.

FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the sixth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The differences between FIG. 8 and FIG. 5 are the spacing layer in thereflector structure and the location of the condenser. FIG. 8 uses asubstrate 801 as the spacing layer between the condenser 803 and thereflective unit.

FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the seventh embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The difference between FIG. 9 and FIG. 8 is the condenser in thereflector structure. The condenser 901 shown in FIG. 9 divides lightfrom the backlight source into red, green and blue lights and condenseslight in their corresponding sub-pixel areas. Therefore, the reflectorstructure greatly improves light efficiency.

FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the eighth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The differences between FIG. 10 and FIG. 6 are: a second color filter1001 is formed on the reflective unit in the reflector structure and anITO electrode layer 1003 is formed on the second color filter 1001 inred, green and blue sub-pixel areas, as shown in FIG. 10. The reflectorstructure uses a first color filter as spacing layer and uses a secondcolor filter to cover the reflector. Color in the reflective area ismore pure since it passes the second color filter and is filtered twice.Color in the transparent area passes the first color filter and thesecond color filter and is filtered once by the second color filter. Itis worthy to mention that the first color filter 601 and the secondcolor filter 1001 are on the same substrate 201.

FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the ninth embodiment of areflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect, being applied to a partially reflective liquid crystal display.The difference between FIG. 11 and FIG. 10 is the spacing layer in thereflector structure. The reflector structure shown in FIG. 10 uses thefirst color filter 601 as spacing layer and the reflector structureshown in FIG. 11 uses an over coat layer 1101 as spacing layer. Color inthe reflective area of the reflector structure shown in FIG. 11 is morepure since it passes the second color filter and is filtered twice.Additionally, color in the transparent area passes the second colorfilter and is filtered once by the second color filter.

According to the preferred embodiments mentioned above, the spacinglayer in the reflector structure of the present invention can have manydifferent kinds of structure. It includes an over coat layer formedabove the condenser as shown in FIG. 2, a color filter formed above thecondenser as shown in FIG. 6, a color filter formed above the condenserand an over coat layer formed above the color filter as shown in FIG. 7,and a substrate formed above the condenser as shown in FIG. 8.

The spacing layer can be coated by positive photoresist or negativephotoresist. Its thickness t is between 2 to 20 μm. The ratio f/t of theaveraged equivalent focus f of the condenser to the thickness t of thespacing layer is between 0.65 and 1.4.

The reflective unit in the reflector structure of the present inventionhas many different kinds of structure too. It includes: a flatreflective metal layer being formed above the spacing layer and an ITOelectrode layer being formed above the spacing layer as shown in FIG. 2;an inner diffusion layer being formed above the spacing layer, areflective metal layer being formed above the inner diffusion layer, andan ITO electrode layer being formed above the spacing layer in thetransparent area of the liquid crystal display, as shown in FIGS. 3 a–3b, where the inner diffusion layer forms convex structures around thepixel and within the pixel area of the liquid crystal display andconcave structures at the boundary of the transparent area, the averagegap d_(T) of liquid crystal cells in the transparent area is differentfrom the average gap d_(R) of liquid crystal cells in the reflectivearea within a single pixel area; and an inner diffusion layer beingformed above the spacing layer, a reflective metal layer being formedabove the inner diffusion layer, and an ITO electrode layer being formedabove the spacing layer in the transparent area, as shown in FIG. 4,where there is only one gap of liquid crystal cells within a singlepixel area, and a mode of FIG. 3 formed on the first color filter and anITO electrode layer formed on the second color filter in red, green andblue sub-pixel areas of each single pixel as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG.11.

FIGS. 12–15 show four kinds of light patterns within a single pixel areaon four kinds of reflective layers after the condensing effect of thecondenser, each light pattern respectively corresponding to a structureof an associated reflective layer including reflective area andtransparent area within a single pixel area.

The left figure of FIG. 12 shows a configuration of reflective layerwhere slanted line portion represents the reflective area and the otheris the transparent area. The corresponding light pattern by theassociated condenser is shown at the right figure. Referring to theright figure of FIG. 12, in addition to the original aperture 1201,there are three extra grating apertures 1203, 1205 and 1207 in thetransparent area. The backlight gain is obviously increased, therebysaving the power consumption for the backlight source.

FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, respectively illustrate the light patternsintroduced by the diffraction of the condenser by means of decreasing orincreasing the length of aperture shown in the left figure of FIG. 12.

The left hand side of FIG. 15 shows three rectangular apertures 1501,1503 and 1505 for red, green and blue sub-pixels within a single pixel,and the corresponding diffraction pattern of the condenser for eachsub-pixel is as shown in the right hand side of FIG. 15. As can be seen,the backlight gain is greatly increased after the condensing effectinduced by the condenser.

According to the present invention, the condenser having diffraction orrefraction effect has an averaged equivalent focus 230 μm to 1250 μm.There are also several kinds of design for the condenser. FIGS. 16 a˜16e are five preferred embodiments of the condenser.

FIG. 16 a shows a condenser comprising several metals 1611–1618 withperiodic patterns and various widths w1–w4 and distances d1–d3. Thecondenser can be formed on a substrate 1600 by a conventional TFTmanufacturing process.

FIG. 16 b shows a condenser with diffraction effect, in which thecondenser comprises a layer of several transparent materials 1621–1628with unit refractive index, periodic patterns and various widths w1–w4and distances d1–d3, and covers another layer of transparent materials1629 with different refractive index on the layer of transparentmaterials 1621–1628.

FIG. 16 c shows a condenser with diffraction effect, in which thecondenser comprises a layer of several multi-level transparent materials1631–1636 with unit refractive index and periodic patterns, and coversanother layer of transparent materials 1637 with different refractiveindex on the layer of transparent materials 1631–1636. In the preferredembodiment, the cross sectional shapes of the layer of transparentmaterials 1631–1636 are 3-level rectangles, as shown in FIG. 16 c.Distances between every 3-level transparent material can be different.The widths of rectangular transparent materials are decreased level bylevel from bottom to top. The layer of transparent materials 1637 inFIG. 16 c can be implemented as a spacing layer.

FIG. 16 d shows a condenser with refraction and condensing effects, inwhich the condenser comprises a layer of several wedge-shaped microprisms 1641–1646 with unit refractive index and periodic patterns, andcovers another layer of transparent materials 1647 with differentrefractive index on the layer of micro prisms 1641–1646. The layer oftransparent materials 1647 can be implemented as a spacing layer too.Micro prisms 1641–1646 can have various sizes including volumes,cross-sectional or lateral areas, slopes and heights.

FIG. 16 e shows a condenser with refraction and condensing effects, inwhich the condenser comprises a layer of several different sized microlens 1651–1656 with unit refractive index and periodic patterns, andcovers another layer 1657 of transparent materials with differentrefractive index on the layer of micro lens 1651–1656. The layer 1657 oftransparent materials can be implemented as a spacing layer too.

The embodiments shown in FIGS. 16 b–16 e illustrate that the condenserscan be made by transparent materials with various refractive indexes andhave multi-order diffraction and refraction condensing effect.

According to the present invention, the reflector structure mentionedabove can be used in partially reflective liquid crystal displays. FIGS.17–19 show three preferred embodiments of partially reflective liquidcrystal displays.

Referring to FIG. 17, the liquid crystal display comprises the reflectorstructure 1701 shown in FIG. 9, an upper plate 1711 including a colorfilter 1703, and a layer of liquid crystal cells 1707. The upper plate1711 includes from top to bottom an upper substrate 1705, a color filter1703 and a layer of ITO electrode layer 1709. The condenser 901 of theliquid crystal display is located at the same side with and below theTFT substrate. The color filter is located at the opposite side againstthe substrate. The condenser 901 divides light from the backlight sourceinto red, green and blue lights and condenses light in theircorresponding sub-pixel areas, then the light passes to the layer ofliquid crystal cells 1707 and the color filter 1703.

Referring to FIG. 18, the liquid crystal display comprises the reflectorstructure 1801 shown in FIG. 6, an upper plate 1711 as shown in FIG. 17,and a layer of liquid crystal cells 1707. The first color filter 601 arelocated at the same side with the condenser 203 and the TFT substrate201 and above the TFT substrate 201. The second color filter 1703 islocated at the opposite side against the substrate 201.

Referring to FIG. 19, the liquid crystal display comprises the reflectorstructure 1901 shown in FIG. 7, an upper plate 1711 as shown in FIG. 17,and a layer of liquid crystal cells 1707.

According to the present invention, liquid crystal cells in the liquidcrystal layer 1707 can be positive liquid crystals or negative liquidcrystals. The liquid crystal gap in the transparent area is greater thanthat in the reflective area. The difference is about 0.16 μm to 3.3 μm.The preferred range for the bi-refractive index of positive liquidcrystals is 0.05 to 0.1. The preferred range of the retardation in thetransparent area is 270 nm to 460 nm. The preferred range of theretardation in the reflective area is 200 nm to 330 nm. The preferredrange for the bi-refractive index of negative liquid crystals is 0.06 to0.13. The preferred range of the retardation in the transparent area is320 nm to 500 nm. The preferred range of the retardation in thereflective area is 150 nm to 400 nm.

In summary, the present invention uses condensers to collect light. 60%to 95% of unused backlight in the reflector structure of partiallyreflective liquid crystal displays is collected. The backlight gain isover 120% to 400% thereby substantially saving the power consumption forthe backlight source.

Because of the convex or concave structure in the inner diffusion layerof the reflective unit, this invention needs no rubbing process tocontrol the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal director. Therefore,the partially reflective liquid crystal display having the reflectorstructure of the invention, such as TFT-LCD, super twisted nematic (STN)LCD, mixed mode twisted nematic (MTN) LCD, forms multi-domain andfurther has very high contrast ratio and wide viewing angle. Thisinvention not only can be applied to portable products, such as cellularphone and personal digital assistant (PDA), but also to mid-to-largesized monitor, such as personal computer or TV-LCD.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to thepreferred embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is notlimited to the details described thereof. Various substitutions andmodifications have been suggested in the foregoing description, andothers will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, allsuch substitutions and modifications are intended to be embraced withinthe scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

1. A reflector structure in a liquid crystal display having lightcondensing effect, comprising: a condenser having diffraction orrefraction condensing effect, said condenser having an averagedequivalent focus; a spacing layer being formed above and covering saidcondenser, said spacing layer having a thickness; and a reflective unitformed above said spacing layer; wherein the ratio of the averagedequivalent focus of said condenser to the thickness of said spacinglayer is between 0.65 and 1.4.
 2. The reflector structure in a liquidcrystal display having light condensing effect as claimed in claim 1,wherein said reflector structure further includes an active devicesubstrate formed above said condenser.
 3. The reflector structure in aliquid crystal display having light condensing effect as claimed inclaim 2, said spacing layer further comprising: a color filter formedabove said condenser; and an over coat layer formed above said colorfilter.
 4. The reflector structure in a liquid crystal display havinglight condensing effect as claimed in claim 2, where said reflectiveunit is a flat metal layer.
 5. The reflector structure in a liquidcrystal display having light condensing effect as claimed in claim 2,said reflective unit further comprising: an inner diffusion layer formedabove said spacing layer, said inner diffusion layer forming convexstructures around and within a pixel area of said liquid crystal displayand concave structures at the boundary of the transparent area of thepixel area, the average gap of liquid crystal cells in the transparentarea of the pixel area is different from the average gap of liquidcrystal cells in the reflective area within the pixel area; a reflectivemetal layer formed above said inner diffusion layer in the reflectivearea of the pixel area of said liquid crystal display; and an ITOelectrode layer formed above said spacing layer in the transparent areaof the pixel area of said liquid crystal display.
 6. The reflectorstructure in a liquid crystal display having light condensing effect asclaimed in claim 5, said spacing layer further comprising: a colorfilter formed above said condenser; and an over coat layer formed abovesaid color filter.
 7. The reflector structure in a liquid crystaldisplay having light condensing effect as claimed in claim 5, whereinsaid spacing layer is a color filter.
 8. The reflector structure in aliquid crystal display having light condensing effect as claimed inclaim 2, said reflective unit further comprising: an inner diffusionlayer formed above said spacing layer, said inner diffusion layer havingonly one gap of liquid crystal cells within a pixel area; a reflectivemetal layer formed above said inner diffusion layer in the reflectivearea of the pixel area of said liquid crystal display; and an ITOelectrode layer formed above said spacing layer in the transparent areaof the pixel area of said liquid crystal display.
 9. The reflectorstructure in a liquid crystal display having light condensing effect asclaimed in claim 5, wherein said ITO electrode layer has at least oneaperture.
 10. The reflector structure in a liquid crystal display havinglight condensing effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein said spacinglayer is an active device substrate.
 11. The reflector structure in aliquid crystal display having light condensing effect as claimed inclaim 10, said reflective unit further comprising: an inner diffusionlayer formed above said active device substrate, said inner diffusionlayer forming convex structures around and within a pixel area of saidliquid crystal display and concave structures at the boundary of thetransparent area of the pixel area, the average gap of liquid crystalcells in the transparent area of the pixel area is different from theaverage gap of liquid crystal cells in the reflective area within thepixel area; a reflective metal layer formed above said inner diffusionlayer in the reflective area of the pixel area of said liquid crystaldisplay; and an ITO electrode layer formed above said active devicesubstrate in the transparent area of the pixel area of said liquidcrystal display.
 12. The reflector structure in a liquid crystal displayhaving light condensing effect as claimed in claim 10, said reflectiveunit further comprising: an inner diffusion layer formed above saidactive device substrate, said inner diffusion layer having only one gapof liquid crystal cells within a pixel area; a reflective metal layerformed above said inner diffusion layer in the reflective area of thepixel area of said liquid crystal display; and an ITO electrode layerformed above said active device substrate in the transparent area of thepixel area of said liquid crystal display.
 13. The reflector structurein a liquid crystal display having light condensing effect as claimed inclaim 10, said reflective unit in each of red, green and blue sub-pixelareas in a pixel area further comprising: an inner diffusion layerformed above said active device substrate, said inner diffusion layerforming convex structures around and within a pixel area of said liquidcrystal display and concave structures at the boundary of thetransparent area of the pixel area, the average gap of liquid crystalcells in the transparent area is different from the average gap ofliquid crystal cells in the reflective area within the pixel area; areflective metal layer formed above said inner diffusion layer in thereflective area of the pixel area of said liquid crystal display; afirst ITO electrode layer formed above said active device substrate inthe transparent area of the pixel area of said liquid crystal display; acolor filter formed above said inner diffusion layer, said reflectivemetal layer, and said first ITO electrode layer; and a second ITOelectrode layer formed above said color filter.
 14. The reflectorstructure in a liquid crystal display having light condensing effect asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said condenser has diffraction or refractioncondensing effect and comprises a plurality of several metals withperiodic patterns and various widths and distances.
 15. The reflectorstructure in a liquid crystal display having light condensing effect asclaimed in claim 1, said condenser further comprising: a first layer oftransparent materials with unit refractive index, said first layer oftransparent materials comprising a plurality of transparent materialswith periodic patterns and various widths and distances; and a secondlayer of transparent materials with different refractive index, saidsecond layer being formed above said first layer of transparentmaterials.
 16. The reflector structure in a liquid crystal displayhaving light condensing effect as claimed in claim 1, said condenserfurther comprising: a first layer of transparent materials with unitrefractive index, said first layer of transparent materials comprising aplurality of multi-level transparent materials with periodic patternsand various distances; and a second layer of transparent materials withdifferent refractive index, said second layer being formed above saidfirst layer of transparent materials.
 17. The reflector structure in aliquid crystal display having light condensing effect as claimed inclaim 16, wherein the cross sectional shapes of said multi-leveltransparent materials are rectangular and the widths of rectangulartransparent materials are decreased level by level from bottom to top.18. The reflector structure in a liquid crystal display having lightcondensing effect as claimed in claim 16, wherein said second layer oftransparent materials is a spacing layer.
 19. The reflector structure ina liquid crystal display having light condensing effect as claimed inclaim 1, said condenser further comprising: a first layer of transparentmaterials with unit refractive index, said first layer of transparentmaterials comprising a plurality of wedge-shaped micro prisms of unitrefractive index with periodic patterns and various distances; and asecond layer of transparent materials with different refractive index,said second layer being formed above said first layer of transparentmaterials.
 20. The reflector structure in a liquid crystal displayhaving light condensing effect as claimed in claim 19, wherein saidplurality of wedge-shaped micro prisms have various sizes includingvolumes, cross-sectional or lateral areas, slopes and heights.
 21. Thereflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect as claimed in claim 19, wherein said second layer of transparentmaterials is a spacing layer.
 22. The reflector structure in a liquidcrystal display having light condensing effect as claimed in claim 1,said condenser further comprising: a first layer of transparentmaterials with unit refractive index, said first layer of transparentmaterials comprising a plurality of micro lens of unit refractive indexwith periodic patterns and various distances; and a second layer oftransparent materials with different refractive index, said second layerbeing formed above said first layer of transparent materials.
 23. Thereflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect as claimed in claim 22, wherein said plurality of micro lens havevarious sizes including volumes, cross-sectional or lateral areas,slopes and heights.
 24. The reflector structure in a liquid crystaldisplay having light condensing effect as claimed in claim 22, whereinsaid second layer of transparent materials is a spacing layer.
 25. Thereflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the range of the averagedequivalent focus of said condenser is 230 μm to 1250 μm.
 26. Thereflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect as claimed in claim 1, wherein said spacing layer is an over coatlayer.
 27. The reflector structure in a liquid crystal display havinglight condensing effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein said spacinglayer is a color filter.
 28. A liquid crystal display having lightcondensing effect with a reflector structure as claimed in claim 1,wherein said liquid crystal display further comprises an upper plate anda layer of liquid crystal cells, and said upper plate includes from topto bottom an upper substrate, a color filter and a layer of ITOelectrode layer.
 29. The liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect as claimed in claim 28, said liquid crystal display comprisingthe reflector structure having light condensing effect as claimed inclaim
 13. 30. The liquid crystal display having light condensing effectas claimed in claim 28, said liquid crystal display comprising thereflector structure having light condensing effect as claimed in claim6.
 31. The liquid crystal display having light condensing effect asclaimed in claim 28, said liquid crystal display comprising thereflector structure having light condensing effect as claimed in claim7.
 32. The liquid crystal display having light condensing effect asclaimed in claim 28, wherein liquid crystal cells in said liquid crystallayer are positive or negative liquid crystals.
 33. The liquid crystaldisplay having light condensing effect as claimed in claim 28, whereinthe liquid crystal gap in the transparent area of a pixel area of saidliquid crystal layer is greater than that in the reflective area of thepixel area.
 34. The liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect as claimed in claim 33, wherein the difference between the liquidcrystal gap in the transparent area of a pixel area and the liquidcrystal gap in the reflective area of the pixel area is between 0.16 μmand 3.3 μm.
 35. The liquid crystal display having light condensingeffect as claimed in claim 33, wherein liquid crystal cells in saidliquid crystal layer are positive liquid crystals, and the bi-refractiveindex of said positive liquid crystals is between 0.05 and 0.1.
 36. Theliquid crystal display having light condensing effect as claimed inclaim 33, wherein liquid crystal cells in said liquid crystal layer arepositive liquid crystals, the range of the retardation in thetransparent area of a pixel area is 270 nm to 460 nm, and the range ofthe retardation in the reflective area of the pixel area is 200 nm to330 nm.
 37. The liquid crystal display having light condensing effect asclaimed in claim 33, wherein liquid crystal cells in said liquid crystallayer are negative liquid crystals, and the bi-refractive index of saidnegative liquid crystals is between 0.06 and 0.13.
 38. The liquidcrystal display having light condensing effect as claimed in claim 33,wherein liquid crystal cells in said liquid crystal layer are negativeliquid crystals, the range of the retardation in the transparent area ofa pixel area is 320 nm to 500 nm, and the range of the retardation inthe reflective area of the pixel area is 150 nm to 400 nm.